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Partial knee replacement, also known as unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, is a surgical option for people who have arthritis in only one part of the knee joint. Unlike total knee replacement, where we replace the entire knee joint, in partial knee replacement, we only replace the damaged compartment of the knee while leaving the healthy parts intact.
The knee is made up of three main compartments: the inner part (medial), the outer part (lateral), and the kneecap area (patellofemoral). In cases where arthritis or wear is limited to just one of these areas, a partial knee replacement can be an excellent option. By preserving the healthy cartilage and bone in the other parts of the knee, this procedure may allow for a quicker recovery, a more natural feeling knee, and less disruption to surrounding tissues.
During the surgery, we’ll make a small incision and remove the damaged bone and cartilage from the affected compartment. Then, we’ll replace it with an artificial surface, which is usually made from metal and plastic. The components are designed to allow for smooth movement and relieve pain while preserving as much of the natural knee function as possible.
The procedure usually takes around 1-2 hours to complete. Many patients are able to go home the same day or within 1-2 days after the surgery.
After surgery, you’ll begin physical therapy to help restore movement and strength in the knee. You’ll also be encouraged to start walking with assistance soon after surgery. Most patients find that their pain is significantly reduced and they have a faster recovery compared to total knee replacement, often returning to normal activities within 4-6 weeks. Full recovery typically takes about 3 to 6 months, though you may feel improvement much sooner.
However, not everyone is a candidate for partial knee replacement. It’s generally most effective for patients who have arthritis confined to one part of the knee, and who are otherwise in good health with no significant deformity or damage in the other compartments. If you have advanced arthritis or wear in multiple compartments, a total knee replacement might be a better option. The new parts typically last between 10 to 15 years, and in some cases, longer, depending on your activity level and other factors. We’ll work closely with you to make sure you have the best outcome and the smoothest recovery possible.
